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An automobile is a self-propelled motor vehicle designed for transporting passengers on land. Typically equipped with four wheels and powered by an internal combustion engine, it is commonly fueled by gasoline, a liquid petroleum product. It is typically a four-wheeled vehicle primarily designed for passenger transportation. It is commonly propelled by an internal combustion engine that utilizes a volatile fuel.
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Cars can be categorized by their body type based on their design, shape, and space. Body types are often determined by a car’s “body style”, which can vary from a tall and boxy (SUV), low and sleek (coupe), or somewhere in-between (hatchback).
Similar to any other subject, the automotive industry becomes more intricate the closer you examine it. Although certain car body styles have lost popularity in the 21st century, there are still twelve major types of cars, each with its range of sizes and subclasses. Traditionally, the categorizations of these types have been derived from their uses and characteristics. Manufacturers are continually striving to portray vehicles in a manner that enhances their coolness and desirability, at times utilizing terms in ways that deviate from their original meanings.
By far, the most popular body style, SUVs are highly valued for their versatility. The history of sport utility vehicles is intricate. Initially, they were truck-based, full-frame vehicles primarily designed for rough terrain and ample cargo space, sacrificing ride refinement and amenities for other styles. While many SUVs have transitioned to unibody construction, similar to sedans and hatchbacks, the adventurous and go-anywhere essence of those early SUVs continues to shape their image today. Although body-on-frame SUVs still exist, the prevalent SUVs on the road (sometimes termed crossovers) come with a myriad of features and deliver superior on-road comfort.
Before crossover SUVs became ubiquitous on the roads, the four-door sedan held sway as the predominant vehicle type. Typically, sedans feature three-box designs, placing the engine in the front, the cabin in the center, and the trunk in the rear. If you were to ask someone born before 2008 to draw a generic car, chances are they would sketch this familiar sedan shape. Although sedans have lost popularity with both buyers and manufacturers due to the rise of SUVs, a few still endure, particularly those sold inexpensively to fleets or those designed for high performance.
While SUVs boast the largest number of variants on the roads, truck models outsell them in the U.S. Historically, pickup trucks were utilitarian work vehicles designed to transport a crew to a job site and carry all their equipment in an open bed behind the cab. Just as SUVs gained a reputation for adventure, pickups evolved into a symbol of hard work and practicality, attracting more people who wanted to be associated with these qualities. Nowadays, pickup trucks, especially with family-friendly quad-cab body styles, dominate as the most popular vehicle categories on the road. They offer significantly improved efficiency, comfort, and capability compared to their earlier counterparts.
In the era when four-door sedans were the practical choice for families, two-door coupes emerged as the sportier and fashion-forward option. However, as the automotive market shifted towards larger vehicles in the 21st century, these often more aesthetically pleasing yet less practical coupes experienced a decline in popularity. They eventually became limited to the realm of performance cars. Vehicles with only two doors tend to be stiffer and lighter, making them a natural fit for high-performance cars. Whether muscle cars, sports cars, hypercars, or grand tourers, these categories typically trace their origins to two-door configurations and are seldom seen with alternative layouts. Interestingly, automakers sometimes use the term “coupe” for SUVs and four-door sedans that feature rakish, sporty, and sleeker rooflines.
While SUVs boast the largest number of variants on the roads, truck models outsell them in the U.S. Historically, pickup trucks were utilitarian work vehicles designed to transport a crew to a job site and carry all their equipment in an open bed behind the cab. Just as SUVs gained a reputation for adventure, pickups evolved into a symbol of hard work and practicality, attracting more people who wanted to be associated with these qualities. Nowadays, pickup trucks, especially with family-friendly quad-cab body styles, dominate as the most popular vehicle categories on the road. They offer significantly improved efficiency, comfort, and capability compared to their earlier counterparts.
A hybrid vehicle utilizes two different sources of energy for propulsion, typically electricity and gasoline. In most cases, the gasoline engine charges batteries, which then provide power to electric motors. However, plug-in hybrids have the additional capability to charge from a wall socket or charging station, similar to fully electric cars. Electric motors, known for their efficiency compared to internal combustion engines, contribute to impressive fuel economy when hybrid vehicles rely on electric propulsion. Some hybrids even have the capacity to run solely on electric power for short distances, enabling users to complete errands without using any gasoline.
Currently, fully electric cars are considered a distinct category, but there is a growing expectation that nearly every type of car will transition to electric power in the coming decades. Electric vehicles (EVs) capitalize on electric motors’ significant efficiency benefits. EVs are already enhancing various aspects of automotive performance: they are faster and more efficient, cost less energy, can be charged conveniently at home, and enable innovative design solutions that improve interior space, safety, and handling. Challenges still exist, such as the high cost and weight of batteries and the need for a widespread and reliable charging infrastructure. However, the automotive industry is actively addressing these challenges.
Stereotypically, hatchbacks are often considered affordable, practical, and compact vehicles. In reality, despite the growing popularity of larger crossover SUVs, a modern compact hatchback provides many of the utility features found in a similarly sized SUV but at a lower price point and with greater efficiency. Some newer compact crossovers have started to challenge the distinction between large hatchbacks and small SUVs. Wagons share a focus on practicality but typically have a longer and less upright appearance. Shooting brakes are vehicles with a coupe-like design but feature a wagon or hatchback rear.
Extra comforts and prestigious brand badges enable automakers to enhance profit margins, but the finest luxury vehicles genuinely justify their price tags. Luxury categories encompass the same body styles as their standard counterparts, but they cater to distinct markets. Notably, in luxury vehicles, prices are higher, and there are elevated standards for materials, fit and finish, and overall refinement. Whether unibody or body-on-frame, modern luxury SUVs fully live up to their name.
A higher price point in the market may distinguish a luxury car from a more utilitarian sedan or hatchback. However, the genuine hallmark of a luxury car type is its ability to enhance the lives of its occupants through a range of features not yet commonplace in mass-market vehicles. Over the years, various luxury brands have had varying degrees of success with this approach. Nevertheless, it is a consistent trend that technology originating in these higher-end vehicles often finds its way into mainstream models. Presently, semi-autonomous driving capabilities being developed in high-end vehicles are a likely candidate for future technological advancements in the automotive industry.
While everyone needs a means of transportation, many desire a vehicle that not only moves their body but also stirs their emotions. Sports cars are designed and crafted to bring joy to drivers and onlookers alike. This joy is something that is not easily replicated by more practical vehicles. Although their numbers have decreased, sports cars that are priced within reach of the general public still exist. These vehicles constitute a small fraction of the overall market and can be further categorized into types that align with drivers’ preferences. Classical sports cars are akin to lightweight and agile scalpels, muscle cars unleash power and attitude with a forceful impact, and supercars push the boundaries of performance and desirability to the extreme.
This car body style allows you to drop the top, stowing the roof for wind-in-the-hair bliss when the weather allows for it. Some convertibles employ a traditional fabric or vinyl roof, while others with folding hard tops use sheet metal origami to let the sunlight in. The most common types of cars with convertible tops are two-door and sports cars, though SUVs and pickup trucks with soft tops designed to be dropped are also available.
SUVs and their crossover subtypes sport the most categories of any car type, though trucks sell best. There are over a dozen subtypes of SUVs, while pickup trucks simply come in compact, midsize, full-size, and heavy-duty varieties. SUVs and trucks make up the vast majority of the types of cars seen on American roads.
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